What do we really know about blunted vocal affect and alogia? A meta-analysis of objective assessments.
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2014-12-03
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Abstract
Deficits in nonverbal vocal expression e g blunted vocal affect alogia are a hallmark of schizophrenia and are a focus of the Research Domain Criteria initiative from the National Institute of Mental Health Results from studies using symptom rating scales suggest that these deficits are profound on the order of four to six standard deviations To complement this endeavor we conducted a meta analysis of studies employing objective analysis of natural speech in patients with schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric controls Thirteen studies collectively including 480 patients with schizophrenia and 326 nonpsychiatric controls were identified There was considerable variability across studies in which aspects of vocal communication were examined and in the magnitudes of deficit Overall speech production reflecting alogia was impaired at a large effects size level d 80 k 13 whereas speech variability reflecting blunted affect was much more modest d 36 k 2 Regarding the former this was largely driven by measures of pause behavior as opposed to other aspects of speech e g number of words utterances On the other hand ratings of negative symptoms across these studies suggested profound group differences d 3 54 k 4 These data suggest that only certain aspects of vocal expression are affected in schizophrenia and highlight major discrepancies between symptom rating and objective based measures The discussion centers on advancing objective analysis for understanding vocal expression in schizophrenia and for identifying and defining more homogenous patient subsets for study