A robust method to estimate instantaneous heart rate from noisy electrocardiogram waveforms.
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2011-02-04
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Abstract
We propose a new algorithm for real time estimation of instantaneous heart rate HR from noise laden electrocardiogram ECG waveforms typical of unstructured ambulatory field environments The estimation of HR from ECG waveforms is an indirect measurement problem that requires differencing which invariably amplifies high frequency noise We circumvented noise amplification by considering the estimation of HR as the solution of a weighted regularized least squares problem which in addition directly provided analytically based confidence intervals CIs for the estimated HRs To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm we applied it to simulated data and to noise laden ECG records that were collected during helicopter transport of trauma injured patients to a trauma center We compared the proposed algorithm with HR estimates produced by a widely used vital sign travel monitor and a standard HR estimation technique followed by postprocessing with Kalman filtering or spline smoothing The simulation results indicated that our algorithm consistently produced more accurate HR estimates with estimation errors as much as 67 smaller than those attained by the postprocessing methods while the results with the field collected data showed that the proposed algorithm produced much smoother and reliable HR estimates than those obtained by the vital sign monitor Moreover the obtained CIs reflected the amount of noise in the ECG recording and could be used to statistically quantify uncertainties in the HR estimates We conclude that the proposed method is robust to different types of noise and is particularly suitable for use in ambulatory environments where data quality is notoriously poor