Browsing by Author "Chib, Arul"
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- ItemDigital disparities and vulnerability: mobile phone use, information behaviour, and disaster preparedness in Southeast Asia.(0000-00-00) Lai, Chih-Hui; Chib, Arul; Ling, RichThis paper proposes an ecological view to investigate how disparities in mobile technology use reflect vulnerabilities in communities vis vis disaster preparedness Data n 1 603 were collected through a multi country survey conducted equally in rural and urban areas of Indonesia Myanmar Philippines and Vietnam where mobile technology has become a dominant and ubiquitous communication and information medium The findings show that smartphone users routinised use of mobile technology and their risk perception are significantly associated with disaster preparedness behaviour indirectly through disaster related information sharing In addition to disaster specific social support smartphone users disaster related information repertoires are another strong influencing factor In contrast non smartphone users are likely to rely solely on receipt of disaster specific social support as the motivator of disaster preparedness The results also reveal demographic and rural urban differences in disaster information behaviour and preparedness Given the increasing shift from basic mobile phone models to smartphones the theoretical and policy oriented implications of digital disparities and vulnerability are discussed
- ItemmHealth adoption in low-resource environments: a review of the use of mobile healthcare in developing countries.(2015-02-11) Chib, Arul; van Velthoven, Michelle Helena; Car, JosipThe acknowledged potential of using mobile phones for improving healthcare in low resource environments of developing countries has yet to translate into significant mHealth policy investment The low uptake of mHealth in policy agendas may stem from a lack of evidence of the scalable sustainable impact on health indicators The mHealth literature in low and middle income countries reveals a burgeoning body of knowledge yet existing reviews suggest that the projects yield mixed results This article adopts a stage based approach to understand the varied contributions to mHealth research The heuristic of inputs mechanism outputs is proposed as a tool to categorize mHealth studies This review 63 articles comprising 53 studies reveals that mHealth studies in developing countries tend to concentrate on specific stages principally on pilot projects that adopt a deterministic approach to technological inputs n 32 namely introduction and implementation Somewhat less studied were research designs that demonstrate evidence of outputs n 15 such as improvements in healthcare processes and public health indicators The review finds a lack of emphasis on studies that provide theoretical understanding n 6 of adoption and appropriation of technological introduction that produces measurable health outcomes As a result there is a lack of dominant theory or measures of outputs relevant to making policy decisions Future work needs to aim for establishing theoretical and measurement standards particularly from social scientific perspectives in collaboration with researchers from the domains of information technology and public health Priorities should be set for investments and guidance in evaluation disseminated by the scientific community to practitioners and policymakers
- ItemMidwives' cell phone use and health knowledge in rural communities.(2011-09-28) Lee, Seungyoon; Chib, Arul; Kim, Jeong-NamThis study developed and tested a theoretical model that explains the underlying process through which the use of cell phones can facilitate the capacity of community health care workers in developing regions On the basis of a study conducted on 223 midwives in rural regions of Indonesia the results showed that cell phone use was positively associated with midwives access to institutional and peer information resources Access to institutional resources was positively associated with midwives health knowledge Further access to peer resources was associated with higher self efficacy which was positively associated with health knowledge The study provides implications for technology intervention strategies targeted to community health workers in rural communities
- ItemTheoretical Advancements in mHealth: A Systematic Review of Mobile Apps.(0000-00-00) Chib, Arul; Lin, Sapphire HThere are now few hundred thousand healthcare apps yet there is a gap in our understanding of the theoretical mechanisms for which and how technological features translate into improved healthcare outcomes In particular the technological convergence within mobile health mHealth apps of the processes of mass and interpersonal communication and human computer interaction requires greater parsing in the literature This paper analyzed 85 empirical studies on mHealth apps using the Input Mechanism Output model We found in the literature that firstly there is a greater emphasis on technological inputs 87 of accessibility usability usage and data quality than health outputs 52 such as system process efficiencies and individual level behavioral or health outcomes Secondly there is little evidence of explanatory mechanisms 19 of how the effects of mHealth apps are achieved While we believe that successful apps would require research that incorporates technological inputs theoretical mechanisms and health outputs such studies are a rarity n 3 There is a minor increase in rigor with randomized control trials n 5 and a preponderance of discussion around social influence n 8 and gamification n 7 albeit in a scattered manner We discuss the implications of the trend towards socialization and gamification findings in terms of future research particularly in terms of study design guided by theoretical mechanisms
- ItemVulnerabilities in mHealth implementation: a Ugandan HIV/AIDS SMS campaign.(2013-04-03) Chib, Arul; Wilkin, Holley; Hoefman, BasHIV prevalence in Uganda has leveled off however trends indicate that incidence is on the rise and disproportionately affects certain vulnerable groups such as women There is growing support for using mobile health mHealth programs to reach vulnerable populations Using the Extended Technology Community Management model for mHealth we examined a text message campaign in Arua Uganda that disseminated and measured HIV AIDS knowledge and promoted HIV AIDS testing at clinics Empirical data from this campaign illustrated that mHealth campaigns need to address socio cultural informational economic and individual vulnerabilities We found for example that the interactive SMS quiz design motivated recipients with the correct HIV AIDS knowledge to respond and thus become eligible for free HIV screening In doing so however the more vulnerable sections of the population such as those with incorrect knowledge were further put at risk We discuss the programmatic implications and provide strategic recommendations for campaign focus particularly to reach young women
- ItemYou have an important message! Evaluating the effectiveness of a text message HIV/AIDS campaign in Northwest Uganda.(2012-05-02) Chib, Arul; Wilkin, Holley; Ling, Leow Xue; Hoefman, Bas; Van Biejma, HajoThere is a growing interest in the effect of mobile phones in health care mHealth service delivery but more research is needed to determine whether short message service SMS based campaigns are appropriate for developing countries This pilot study explored the efficacy of an mHealth campaign using SMS as a platform to disseminate and measure HIV AIDS knowledge and to promote HIV AIDS testing at clinics in rural Uganda Over a 1 month period 13 HIV AIDS quiz questions were sent to 10 000 mobile subscribers Despite participation incentives only one fifth of the mobile subscribers responded to any of the questions The campaign had proportionately limited success in increasing knowledge levels on a mass scale Furthermore the program design may be reinforcing entrenched knowledge gaps The results suggest that it is important to be conservative when considering the potential overall effect of SMS based programs However the authors recognize the potential of mHealth tools when extended to millions of mobile phone users as part of an integrated health campaign approach The authors propose several steps to improve the program design to reach a larger portion of the intended audience and increase campaign effectiveness