Microfluidic CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counters for point-of-care HIV diagnostics using whole blood.
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2013-12-05
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Roughly 33 million people worldwide are infected with HIV disease burden is highest in resource limited settings One important diagnostic in HIV disease management is the absolute count of lymphocytes expressing the CD4 and CD8 receptors The current diagnostic instruments and procedures require expensive equipment and trained technicians In response we have developed microfluidic biochips that count CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in whole blood samples without the need for off chip sample preparation The device is based on differential electrical counting and relies on five on chip modules that in sequence chemically lyses erythrocytes quenches lysis to preserve leukocytes enumerates cells electrically depletes the target cells CD4 or CD8 with antibodies and enumerates the remaining cells electrically We demonstrate application of this chip using blood from healthy and HIV infected subjects Erythrocyte lysis and quenching durations were optimized to create pure leukocyte populations in less than 1 min Target cell depletion was accomplished through shear stress based immunocapture using antibody coated microposts to increase the contact surface area and enhance depletion efficiency With the differential electrical counting method device based CD4 and CD8 T cell counts closely matched control counts obtained from flow cytometry over a dynamic range of 40 to 1000 cells l By providing accurate cell counts in less than 20 min from samples obtained from one drop of whole blood this approach has the potential to be realized as a handheld battery powered instrument that would deliver simple HIV diagnostics to patients anywhere in the world regardless of geography or socioeconomic status
Description
Keywords
Beneficiary age range, Newborn, Infant, Child, Young people (10-24 years), Adult, Senior, Special population, At risk for a particular disease or infection, Children Under 5 years, Incarcerated, Disabled, Drug users, Family as a unit, Immigrant and refugee, Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, Men (only), Vulnerable children, Parents, Racial and ethnic minorities, Rural populations, Student populations, Urban populations, Workforce, Women (only), Target user, Client, Social support network, Facility-based health worker, Community-based health worker, Manager, Health system constraint, Information, Lack of population enumeration, Delayed reporting of events, Quality/unreliability of data, Communication roadblocks, Access to information or data, Availability, Supply of commodities, Supply of services, Supply of equipment, Diversity of treatment options, Quality, Quality of care, Health worker competence, Quality of commodities, Health worker motivation, Continuity of care, Supportive supervision, Acceptability, Alignment with local norms, Addressing individual beliefs and practices, Stigma, Utilization, Demand for services, Geographic inaccessibility, Low adherence to treatments, Loss to follow up, Efficiency, Workflow management, Effective resource allocation, Unnecessary referrals and transportation, Planning and coordination, Timeliness of care, Cost, Expenses related to commodity production, Expenses related to commodity supply, Expenses related to commodity disbursement, Expenses related to service delivery, Client-side expenses, Stage of development of the strategy, Pre-prototype, Prototype, Pilot, Limited demonstration, Scaled program, Evaluation, Evaluation intent, Feasibility, Functionality, Usability, Efficacy, Effectiveness, Optimization, Evaluation design, Non Experimental, Population based, Individual based, Experimental, Randomized, Non-randomized, Health domain, Family planning and reproductive health, Safe sex, Contraception, Safe abortion care, Birth spacing, Infertility, Female genital mutilation, Maternal health, Pregnancy, Antenatal care, Pregnancy complications, Danger signs, Emergency preparedness, Labor, Birth planning, Postpartum care, Breastfeeding, Child Health, Growth and development, Child abuse, Infant nutrition, Vaccines, Newborn care, PMTCT, Malformations/birth defects, Infectious, parasitic and vector-borne disease, Tuberculosis, STIs, excluding HIV, HIV/AIDS, Diarrheal disease, Hepatitis, Malaria, Parastic Infections, Vector-Borne, Respiratory tract infections (URI, LRI, OM), Non-communicable diseases, Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, Asthma, Tobacco Use, Alcohol use, Oral health, Nutrition, Malnutrition, Protein energy malnutrition, Micronutrient deficiency, Obesity, Mental health, Violence, Violence against women (inc. Rape), Intimate partner violence (IPV), Familial violence (non-IPV), Community violence, Unintentional injury, Road traffic injuries, Poisonings, Falls, Burns, Drowning, Injuries, Care model, Preventive, Short-term, Acute or emergency, Chronic care, Long term institutionalized care, mHealth application, Social and behavior change communication, Health education or promotion, Hotlines and information services, Appointment reminders, Treatment adherence, Mass messaging campaigns, Workforce development and performance support, Provider training and education, Provider work planning and scheduling, Human resource management, Constituent feedback on service quality, Service delivery, Electronic decision support, Provider-to-provider communication, Remote client-to-provider consultations (Telemedicine), Disease prevention, Disease diagnosis / Point-of-care diagnostics, Disease management, Referrals, Information systems, Data collection and reporting, Service delivery statistics, Household surveys, Surveillance, Electronic health records, Registries/vital events tracking, Financial transactions and incentives, Payment for services, Conditional cash transfers, Savings accounts, Insurance, Performance-based incentives, Supply management, Cold chain management, Stock out prevention, Counterfeit prevention, Maintenance of equipment, Commodity tracking / replenishment, Technology, Technology Channel, Voice, SMS, MMS, USSD, Internet, Bluetooth, RF/NFC, Technology Content format, Text, Image, Audio, Video, Raw data, Technology Hardware, Camera, GPS, Accelerometers / Motion sensors, Physiologic Biosensors, Biometric identifiers, SIM, Memory Card (eg. MicroSD), Technology Functions, Digital form, Digital protocol, Decision support algorithm, Electronic checklists, Electronic case lists, Mobile phone calendar, Chat / Discussion Community, Installed application, Closed User Group, IVR